Recent headlines have raised concerns about the spread of the avian flu, commonly known as the bird flu. Over the past year, a highly pathogenic avian influenza, A(H5N1), has been sporadically reported in wild birds, poultry, and dairy cows in the United States, Canada, and other countries. Despite this, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that the risk to the general public from these viruses remains low, with only four mild-to-moderate cases reported in the U.S.
Dr. Jennifer Brull, president of the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), emphasizes that the current risk of contracting bird flu for humans is low, with dairy cattle and poultry farms being the primary sources of exposure. While the concern about virus spread has increased in recent years, medical experts stress the importance of understanding how bird flu is transmitted.
Bird flu is a virus that spreads from bird to bird, but certain strains can mutate to infect humans. Close contact with infected birds or their droppings, working with poultry, consuming undercooked meat or eggs from infected birds, swimming in contaminated water, or touching surfaces where infected birds have been can increase the risk of contracting bird flu. While rare, the virus can also be transmitted from humans to humans if it mutates into a human flu virus.
Symptoms of bird flu typically manifest within a week of exposure and resemble those of seasonal flu, including fever, cough, sore throat, headache, muscle aches, and pink eye. Severe cases may involve respiratory problems, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, confusion, and seizures. Individuals who are pregnant, have weakened immune systems, or are elderly are at higher risk of developing complications.
If bird flu is suspected after exposure to an infected animal, it is advised to consult a family physician for evaluation and confirmation. Understanding the transmission, symptoms, and risks associated with bird flu is crucial in preventing its spread and addressing potential cases.
