Impact of Heat on Mental Health: A Growing Crisis
While the climate crisis is typically discussed in terms of its environmental and economic repercussions, the impact of rising temperatures on mental health is a pressing concern. Studies have established a clear connection between extreme heat and deteriorating psychological well-being, leading to increased hospitalizations and higher suicide rates. It is evident that high temperatures can significantly contribute to mental distress.
The influence of temperature on daily life and its implications for mental health are often underestimated or disregarded. Recognizing this oversight, experts have begun to investigate the effects of high temperatures on mental well-being. Chronic exposure to heat has been linked to heightened stress levels, anxiety, and cognitive impairment, as indicated in a report from 2023.
The repercussions of heat-related mental health issues are not evenly distributed among all demographics. Research consistently shows that young children, older adults, and individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions are at a higher risk, with socioeconomic factors exacerbating these vulnerabilities. Notably, young people, who are expected to bear the long-term impacts of climate change, have been a focal point of research. A report by the American Psychological Association and ecoAmerica highlighted the increased risk of anxiety, depression, PTSD, and other mental health challenges among young individuals due to climate change.
In an effort to shed light on how heat affects mental health, Charlie Health has compiled insights from recent global research. Here, we present key findings on this urgent public health issue and offer tips on seeking mental health support:
1. Heat and humidity can exacerbate mental health symptoms: Living in regions with higher temperatures can heighten the risk of developing mental health conditions. Studies have shown that prolonged exposure to temperatures above 23 degrees Celsius increases the likelihood of major depression. Similarly, research has linked temperature and humidity increases to heightened psychological distress, particularly anxiety and depression symptoms.
2. Mental health hospitalizations surge during heatwaves: Research indicates a significant rise in psychiatric hospital admissions during periods of extreme heat. Individuals with conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and anxiety are especially vulnerable. Moreover, data suggests that those in low- and middle-income countries may face heightened risks, with mental health hospitalizations spiking disproportionately in lower-income areas during heatwaves.
Recognizing the impact of heat on mental health is essential in addressing this growing crisis and ensuring appropriate support for those affected.
During heatwaves in Northern Vietnam, which is considered a low- to middle-income country, there is an increased risk of mortality among individuals with mental health conditions. A 2021 review of studies on climate change and mental health revealed that heat is associated with higher death rates for individuals with mental health conditions worldwide, especially women and those over 75 years old.
However, heat-related mortality is not limited to older individuals with mental health conditions. A study from England in 2018 found that the risk of death rose by 4.9% in individuals with psychosis, dementia, and substance use disorders for every 1-degree Celsius increase above a high-heat threshold. Alarmingly, the highest risk was observed in younger individuals and those with substance use disorders.
Research indicates that suicide rates tend to increase with rising temperatures, and this risk may escalate with climate change. For instance, in Finland, temperature variability accounted for more than 60% of fluctuations in suicide rates over 250 years, according to a 2013 study. Similarly, a 2018 study using data from the United States and Mexico revealed that for every 1-degree Celsius rise in monthly average temperature, suicide rates increased by 0.7% in the U.S. and 3.1% in Mexico. Researchers projected that without intervention, climate change could lead to over 21,000 additional suicides by 2050.
If you are experiencing suicidal thoughts or are at risk of harming yourself, it is crucial to seek immediate help. Contact The Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 24/7 by calling or texting 988. Remember, you are not alone if you or a loved one is struggling with mental health challenges.
This information was provided by Charlie Health and reviewed and shared by Stacker.
