Reports from government data indicate a surge in cases of a distressing stomach bug in various parts of the United States this winter. According to the most recent figures provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there were 91 outbreaks of norovirus reported during the week of December 5, a significant increase from the 69 outbreaks recorded in the final week of November. This rise in cases stands in stark contrast to previous years, where the maximum number of outbreaks reported during the first week of December was 65.
Norovirus infections are characterized by sudden onset symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea. These outbreaks are frequently observed in confined environments such as cruise ships, nursing homes, correctional facilities, schools, and other settings where individuals are in close proximity to one another.
To shed light on this virus, it is essential to understand that norovirus is the primary cause of foodborne illness in the United States, accounting for 58% of such infections contracted annually in the country, as per the CDC. The infections stem from a group of highly contagious viruses that can spread easily, with just 10 viral particles having the potential to cause illness in an individual, as confirmed by health experts. Annually, approximately 2,500 norovirus outbreaks are reported in the United States, with a higher prevalence from November to April each year.
Beyond vomiting and diarrhea, other common symptoms of a norovirus infection include nausea, stomach pain, body aches, headaches, and fever. The majority of individuals recover fully within one to three days. However, despite this relatively short duration of illness, norovirus is a significant health concern, causing an average of 900 deaths and 109,000 hospitalizations annually in the United States, with a notable impact on adults aged 65 and older. Moreover, it leads to approximately 465,000 emergency department visits, primarily affecting young children.
Norovirus outbreaks often occur when infected individuals spread the virus directly to others through shared food items or utensils. Additionally, the virus can be transmitted through contaminated food, water, or surfaces. The illness typically manifests suddenly, with symptoms emerging 12 to 48 hours after exposure. While there is no specific treatment for norovirus, rehydration is recommended through the intake of water and other fluids, excluding coffee, tea, and alcohol. Individuals experiencing dehydration are advised to seek medical attention, as signs of dehydration include reduced urination, dry mouth and throat, and dizziness upon standing. Children who are dehydrated may display unusual sleepiness, irritability, or a lack of tears when crying.
All age groups are susceptible to norovirus infection, with young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems at higher risk. Dehydration resulting from vomiting and diarrhea is a primary concern for those affected. Prevention measures against norovirus include rigorous and frequent handwashing, involving scrubbing hands with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds before.
