A Cottonmouth snake in a striking position is captured from the side. Referred to as the Sunshine State, Florida is famous for its oranges and beaches but also for its snake population. Ranking 7th in the nation for snake species, Florida provided ample snake bite cases for a recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Florida (UF).
Despite snakes being considered among the most deadly animals globally, there is limited research on snake bites. Fortunately, UF researchers examined 546 venomous snake bite incidents in Florida between 2002 and 2022. This study sheds light on various aspects of snakebites, including the most common snake perpetrators, demographics of victims, reasons for bites, and changes observed over two decades. Notably, the study also provides guidance on preventing snake bites and post-bite actions.
The study unveiled that the majority of snake bite cases recorded at Shands Hospital in Gainesville, FL, involved male patients, predominantly adults aged 21-65 (64.9%), followed by children/adolescents aged 0-20 (28.3%), with seniors over 65 years comprising the smallest percentage (6.8%).
Florida, home to six venomous snake species, faces a significant public health challenge with venomous snake encounters being frequent. While the fatality rate is low, survivors often endure lasting injuries such as tissue damage or lost fingers. Most bites occurred due to deliberate handling or disturbing of snakes, while some victims encountered snakes accidentally. The hand/finger was the most common site of bites, followed by the foot/toe.
Access to healthcare plays a vital role in reducing fatalities from snake bites, making understanding and preventing such incidents crucial.
While Florida hosts a variety of venomous snakes, the study highlighted pygmy rattlesnakes and cottonmouths (water moccasins) as the primary culprits, accounting for over half of identified bites in the 20-year analysis.
Cottonmouth/Water Moccasin (Agkistrodon piscivorous): Making up 27.1% of snake bites from 2002-2022, cottonmouths are known for their defensive nature and large size (2-4 feet). Their characteristic cotton-white mouth lining is displayed when threatened, and their presence near water sources or in vegetation can lead to accidental encounters.
Dusky Pygmy Rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius): Accounting for 27.8% of all bites in the study, these small rattlesnakes are commonly found throughout Florida.
Understanding the behavior and habitat of these venomous snakes is essential for preventing snake bites and ensuring the safety of individuals in Florida.
A recent study spanning from 2002 to 2022 uncovered data on snake species in Florida that are most commonly associated with snakebites. These snakes are found in various habitats such as flatwoods, palmetto scrubs, and even suburban areas, using their gray and dark blotched coloration for camouflage on the forest floor. While the Eastern Coral Snake and Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake were the most prevalent in the study, Florida is also home to four other native venomous snake species that contributed to the bite count. Additionally, approximately 5% of bites were from non-native venomous snakes, and in 9% of cases, the species responsible could not be identified. Given Florida’s active reptile trade and hobbyist community, it is crucial to be mindful of the presence of venomous snakes, as encounters are bound to happen.
Following a snakebite, patients typically experienced symptoms such as swelling, numbness, tingling, and nausea. Despite receiving antivenom, 10-44% of rattlesnake bite survivors sustained lasting injuries. The study revealed that in some cases, there was a delay of approximately 6 hours from the time of the bite to receiving antivenom, which could be attributed to the initial perception of the bite being mild. It emphasized the importance of seeking immediate medical attention after a snakebite to prevent severe outcomes.
To mitigate the risk of snakebites, individuals are advised to refrain from disturbing or handling snakes, be cautious in snake habitats, wear protective clothing, and educate themselves and their families on snake safety. If a snake encounter does occur, it is recommended to give the snake space and slowly back away without attempting to harm it. In the event of a snakebite, prompt medical assistance is essential, along with the removal of constricting clothing and keeping the wound elevated.
Understanding snake behavior and taking proactive measures can significantly reduce the likelihood of negative encounters. By remaining vigilant, respecting snakes’ habitats, and acting swiftly in case of a bite, individuals can protect themselves from harm. These insights underscore the importance of safety measures when interacting with snakes in Florida’s diverse outdoor environments.
