It’s no secret that the pyramids are widely regarded as some of the oldest structures on Earth. While this holds some truth, the reality is that numerous civilizations and empires predated Egypt’s grand pyramids and were among the most influential nations in history.
10. Gaziantep, Turkey
The first city on our list of the oldest cities in the world is Gaziantep in Turkey. Overflowing with Ottoman architecture and tourist attractions, Gaziantep stands as a historic gem in Turkey’s southeastern region. With traces of human habitation dating back millennia, Gaziantep’s origins are believed to be even more ancient.
Boasting expansive vineyards, olive groves, and a bustling pistachio nut industry, Gaziantep plays a pivotal role in Turkey’s industrial landscape. Over the centuries, it was dominated by Romans, Abbasids, Persians, and Assyrians, with the Armenian community also leaving a significant mark on the city’s history. Gaziantep today is renowned for its ancient mosaics, museums, and culinary delights, making it a must-visit destination for food enthusiasts and history buffs alike.
9. Varanasi, India
Varanasi, also known as Benaras or Kashi, is steeped in Hindu mythology and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. A sacred pilgrimage site for Hindus, Varanasi’s history dates back to the 2nd millennium BCE and is intricately linked to Hindu lore.
As an active hub for education, arts, and culture, Varanasi boasts a rich heritage showcased by its temples, shrines, and Ghats along the riverfront. The city’s narrow inner streets contrast with the more spacious outskirts, creating a unique urban tapestry. Varanasi attracts a multitude of tourists with its revered temples, vibrant markets, and educational institutions, making it a melting pot of spirituality and knowledge.
8. Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Plovdiv, often referred to as one of Europe’s oldest cities, is renowned for its ancient roots dating back centuries. Perched on seven hills, Plovdiv’s architectural splendor and cultural richness mesmerize visitors. The city played a vital role in the National Revival as a bustling trade hub, facilitating the growth of schools, residences, and religious structures.
Inhabited by various civilizations such as the Visconti, Romans, and Thracians, Plovdiv boasts well-preserved public buildings, Roman aqueducts, and fortresses. Its picturesque landscape, featuring Ottoman-era buildings and meandering cobblestone streets, offers a glimpse into its storied past. The region’s ideal climate for grape cultivation makes Plovdiv a hotspot for wine enthusiasts, with wine tours offering a delightful experience for locals and tourists alike.
1. Sidon, Lebanon
Sidon, strategically located south of Beirut, is one of the world’s oldest cities with a mysterious past marked by plunder and upheaval. Inhabited since around 4000 BCE, during Neolithic times, Sidon boasts ancient components that are highly sought after in the world of antiques. The city was designed to protect its fleet from harsh storms and, in its prime, surpassed other Phoenician cities in commerce, religion, and wealth. Today, Sidon is a bustling town with various small shops, including charming patisseries. The Sea Castle, a modern fortress with two towers, stands as a testament to the city’s history and architectural beauty, drawing tourists from far and wide.
2. Jericho, Palestine
Jericho, famous for its mention in the Bible, is one of the oldest known settlements, with evidence of habitation dating back to ancient times. The city’s protective wall and stone towers speak to its ancient origins, with archaeological excavations revealing the extent of its early development. According to historical accounts, the ancient city of Jericho was attacked by the Israelites after crossing the River Jordan into Canaan. Today, modern Jericho is a peaceful tourist destination known for its historical sites, religious importance, and mild climate, attracting visitors seeking a glimpse into the past.
3. Erbil, Iraq
Erbil, one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities, traces its roots back to 6000 BCE and serves as the capital of Kurdistan in Iraq. At the heart of Erbil lies the ancient Citadel, believed to be around 7000 years old, showcasing traditional textiles and artifacts that highlight the city’s rich history. The Erbil museum houses a vast collection of archaeological treasures and pre-Islamic artifacts, solidifying its status as a cultural hub. Modern Erbil, nestled at the foot of Mount Safeen, offers a blend of historic charm and modern amenities, with restaurants, hotels, fruit orchards, and a bustling food market. The city’s population has grown steadily, making it the fourth-largest in Iraq, with a thriving construction industry shaping its economic landscape.
4. Faiyum, Egypt
Faiyum, an ancient city in Egypt located in the center of the Shedet region, boasts ruins dating back to 1938 to 1756 BC. Serving as a distribution and market center for the Egyptian governorate, Faiyum has a rich agricultural history supported by evidence of farming practices and a railway network connecting agricultural communities. The people of Faiyum, known for their unique embalming practices, continued the tradition despite Roman recommendations for cremation. Faiyum portraits offer a glimpse into the diverse society of the region, showcasing a harmonious coexistence of different origins and cultures.
The Nile transformed the area into fertile land by diverting a branch of freshwater, creating Whale Valley, or Wadi Al-Hitan. This UNESCO World Heritage site is renowned for its fossils of early whales, indicating that the region was once submerged under a shallow sea.
Athens, Greece, is one of the oldest cities globally, known for its artistic ideas and intellectual civilizations. Surrounded by mountains and characterized by tall buildings and great weather, Athens has been inhabited since around 3000 BCE. It is a historical landmark and the birthplace of democracy. The iconic Acropolis showcases ancient Greek architectural styles like the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders, influencing Western architecture significantly. The Parthenon temple, built around 447 BC for Athena, offers a glimpse into the city’s rich history and diverse cultural influences.
Argos, an ancient city in Greece situated in the Peloponnese region, dates back to around 3000 BCE. Named after Argus, the son of Niobe and Zeus in Greek mythology, Argos features archaeological remains from various periods like Roman, Mycenaean, and Greek civilizations. The town is home to historical artifacts and attractions, including the old theatre that can host about 20,000 people, the Archaeological Museum, and the Church of Panagia. Larissa Acropolis, built in the 6th century B.C., adds to the city’s historical significance.
Damascus, Syria, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities globally, known as the “Pearl of the East” for its lushness and beauty. With evidence of habitation dating back to at least the 2nd millennium BCE, Damascus thrived as a commercial and cultural hub in the Middle Ages, specializing in crafts like laces and swords. The city showcases a blend of Roman, Islamic, Hellenistic, Byzantine, and Roman cultures, making it a treasure trove of historical and architectural wonders. Today, Damascus attracts tourists with its opera house, monuments, temples, cuisine, and vibrant cultural scene, as well as serving as a hub for multinational companies.
The post “The Ancient Wonder That Makes the Pyramids Look Young” was originally published on History-Computer’s website, shutterstock.com.
