Zinc has been widely promoted as a potential treatment for the common cold—but is there solid scientific evidence to support this claim? In the realm of viruses and colds, zinc stands out as a key mineral. From mild cold symptoms to more serious conditions like the flu or pneumonia, respiratory infections are a persistent challenge in everyday life, affecting individuals across all demographics and seasons. While most cases are not severe, they can still lead to significant issues such as missed work, school absences, and high healthcare expenses.
Interestingly, options for preventing or managing these viral infections are limited beyond vaccines for influenza and COVID-19. General recommendations emphasize basic preventive measures like handwashing, avoiding unnecessary antibiotics, and using over-the-counter remedies for symptom relief. While some clinical guidelines suggest that zinc could be beneficial, concrete evidence has been lacking—until now.
Zinc’s historical significance in medicine is noteworthy, with a legacy spanning over two centuries. Initially introduced in 1771 by German physician Hieronymus David Gaubius, zinc was recognized for its therapeutic potential. However, its true nature was not fully understood at that time, with Gaubius revealing that the enigmatic powder sold by alchemists was actually zinc oxide. In subsequent centuries, zinc was explored as a treatment for epilepsy before fading into obscurity in the medical field, only to reemerge in the 1960s as a remedy for conditions like zinc deficiency and Wilson’s disease.
A recent study led by integrative medicine expert Jennifer Hunter from Western Sydney University aimed to shed light on zinc’s efficacy in preventing or reducing the duration of viral respiratory infections. Conducting a rapid systematic review, the research team focused on randomized controlled trials involving adult participants, updating previous analyses. Examining data from 28 clinical trials encompassing various zinc formulations such as nasal sprays, lozenges, and pills, the researchers observed promising results. Zinc supplementation appeared to decrease the likelihood of developing symptoms by 28% as a preventive measure and lowered the risk of experiencing moderate to severe symptoms by an impressive 87%. Additionally, for individuals already afflicted with symptoms, zinc was found to marginally shorten the duration of illness by approximately two days compared to those not taking zinc.
While these findings suggest that zinc may offer more benefits than previously believed, it is essential to acknowledge that there are still unanswered questions regarding its effectiveness as a comprehensive solution for viral respiratory infections.
Regarding the effectiveness of zinc in reducing sickness duration, it was observed that while it may shorten the duration of illness, the severity of symptoms does not change significantly. Studies have shown that zinc does not necessarily prevent infection when individuals deliberately exposed to cold viruses. Therefore, zinc may not prevent viruses from entering the body, but it could potentially aid in faster recovery.
A study published in BMJ Open discusses the prevention of respiratory tract infections and the risk of acquiring community-acquired RTIs and clinical colds due to human rhinovirus inoculation, along with potential side effects of prophylactic use. However, the review notes that some studies included in the analysis were not consistent or of sufficient size. Variations in the dosage and forms of zinc used in these studies make it challenging to draw definitive conclusions. This highlights the importance of robust original studies to ensure reliable overall results.
Furthermore, there is a lack of research on the mechanisms by which zinc combats viral infections. Although zinc is believed to support immune function, reduce inflammation, and exhibit antiviral properties in laboratory conditions, these theories have yet to be conclusively proven in human trials.
Despite these uncertainties, many individuals turned to zinc supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic, with some healthcare professionals endorsing its use. However, caution is advised by experts like Jennifer Hunter, who highlights the need for more clarity on the efficacy of different zinc formulations, dosages, and administration methods.
The review emphasizes that most trials utilized zinc gluconate or zinc acetate, but the optimal form of zinc remains unknown. Questions persist about the most effective delivery method, dosage, and duration of zinc supplementation, alongside potential side effects such as nausea or loss of smell. While serious complications from zinc intake are rare, they can occur, particularly if zinc reaches the brain, especially in individuals with certain medical conditions.
The researchers refrained from explicitly including COVID-19 in their study title to avoid overstating the findings, given the limited data available during the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 trials. Nevertheless, the review underscores the importance of exploring zinc’s potential in preventing common respiratory illnesses.
This surge in interest corresponds with broader calls for further investigation into immuno-nutrition and how nutrients like zinc influence the body’s defense mechanisms, particularly for vulnerable populations. Jennifer Hunter and her team meticulously followed research guidelines to ensure their study was methodical, transparent, and responsive to feedback, underscoring the importance of conducting scientifically rigorous research in this field.
Currently, it is recommended to use zinc with caution. While it may offer some benefits in boosting your immunity during the cold season and aiding in quicker recovery, it is not a replacement for vaccines, proper hygiene practices, or staying home when unwell. This research underscores the potential of a simple mineral supplement holding valuable insights that warrant further exploration. According to Hunter, there is insufficient research to determine the superiority of a zinc nasal spray, gel, lozenge, or oral supplement over the others. Nevertheless, the findings suggest a promising outlook for zinc’s role in combating viral infections. Although zinc may not be the miraculous cure once envisioned, it remains a valuable tool. Further research and data could establish its significance in managing viral illnesses. This study is published in BMJ Open. This article is provided by The Brighter Side of News. If you enjoy uplifting stories like this, sign up for The Brighter Side of News’ newsletter.
