Getty (2) Left: Stock image showing a teenager’s arm covered in a measles rash; Right: Stock image depicting a child receiving a vaccination Amid the rapidly expanding measles outbreak, there is confusion among people regarding the necessity of a booster shot. An expert mentioned in PEOPLE stated that individuals who have received two doses of the MMR vaccine are considered immune for life against the virus. If unsure about your vaccination status, it is recommended to consult with your doctor for guidance. The measles outbreak in the Southwest is continuing to spread, with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control warning of more expected cases as the outbreak rapidly grows. Cases have been reported across the U.S., including in neighboring states like Oklahoma, as well as in New York, New Jersey, and Alaska. The outbreak has led to the deaths of three individuals, one of whom was a child not vaccinated according to the Texas Department of State Health Services. The CDC reported 301 confirmed cases of measles in the first three months of 2025, surpassing the total cases in 2024. To protect against measles, the CDC recommends two doses of the MMR vaccine, administered at specific ages. Adults who are uncertain about their vaccination history, particularly those born before 1957, should consult their healthcare provider for guidance. Dr. Matthew Harris, a pediatric emergency medicine physician and medical director at Northwell Health in New York, emphasized that individuals with a documented history of two MMR vaccine doses are considered immune for life. If unsure about childhood immunization status, discussing with a healthcare provider is advised, especially if coming from an area with lower vaccination rates. A blood test can determine antibody levels, providing insight into immunity against measles. Dr. Harris explained that even if titers are low in a fully vaccinated person, alternative immune responses such as cellular immunity may offer protection.
If you are confident in your full vaccination status, it may still be important for those who are uncertain to consult with their doctor. Are Vaccines Available to Everyone? Dr. Harris states, “For the most part, almost everyone can receive vaccines.” However, there are exceptions such as pregnant individuals, those undergoing chemotherapy, or individuals with specific immunologic conditions that may prevent vaccination. People at a Higher Risk of Complications, such as those with leukemia or HIV, may have concerns about exposure. Dr. Harris advises, “If you were born after 1957 and believe you received vaccinations as a child, and you are generally healthy, there may not be an immediate need for a booster shot.” It is recommended to consult with a healthcare provider if unsure, especially for high-risk individuals who may opt for titers testing. Regarding young children who are too young to receive vaccines, understanding vaccination practices in the community is essential to protect them. Dr. Harris emphasizes that parents have the resources to make informed decisions to keep their children safe, without necessarily needing to keep them home from daycare or school. Is There a Vaccine Shortage? Dr. Harris explains that there is currently a national vaccine shortage due to production issues with one of the companies, unrelated to measles outbreaks. He advises against unnecessary booster shots for immune individuals, as these should be prioritized for unvaccinated children. While there will be public health initiatives for vaccination, they will not be as extensive as those seen during the COVID-19 pandemic.
