Bronchitis is a common respiratory infection that affects about one in 20 people annually and is characterized by symptoms like wheezing, chest tightness, low fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, and a persistent cough. Dr. Jason Nagata, a pediatrician at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, explains that while bronchitis is uncomfortable for everyone, it can be more serious for certain groups, such as babies, young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems. In the U.S., approximately 350 people die from bronchitis each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Bronchitis occurs when the airways leading to the lungs become irritated, leading to inflammation and mucus buildup that makes breathing difficult. Acute or viral bronchitis is caused by viruses like RSV, coronavirus, the common cold, and influenza, while chronic bronchitis is typically the result of long-term exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, chemicals, allergens, air pollution, and dust.
The contagiousness of bronchitis depends on its type. Chronic bronchitis caused by environmental factors is not contagious, while acute or viral bronchitis can be spread through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or talking. Prevention measures include vaccination against viruses like coronavirus and influenza, frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and maintaining a healthy immune system through a balanced diet and exercise.
Typically, bronchitis resolves on its own within a week or two with rest and hydration. Over-the-counter medications like cough suppressants, nasal sprays, and pain relievers can help manage symptoms. If symptoms persist for more than two to three weeks, worsen, or cause difficulty breathing, seeking medical attention is recommended. In such cases, a healthcare provider can assess for underlying issues and recommend appropriate treatments, which may include oxygen therapy and specific medications. Antibiotics are seldom prescribed for acute bronchitis as they are not effective against viral infections.
“The infection is caused by a virus,” Bakshi explains, noting that antibiotics are effective against bacteria but not viruses. However, he mentions that antiviral medications may be prescribed to combat certain viruses that cause bronchitis, such as COVID-19 or the flu. This content was first published on USA TODAY: Is bronchitis contagious?
