New research indicates that a compound found in broccoli sprouts may assist individuals with prediabetes in managing their blood sugar levels. Researchers from the University of Gothenburg in Sweden have discovered that sulforaphane, a compound present in broccoli sprouts, can help reduce blood sugar levels in individuals with prediabetes. The study indicates that the effectiveness of the compound varies among individuals with specific metabolic types and gut bacteria compositions. While sulforaphane holds promise for personalized treatment, experts emphasize that maintaining a healthy diet and engaging in regular exercise remain crucial for managing prediabetes.
Prediabetes occurs when an individual’s blood sugar levels are elevated but have not yet reached the threshold for a type 2 diabetes diagnosis. In a recent study published in Nature Microbiology by the University of Gothenburg, sulforaphane was linked to improved blood sugar levels in individuals with prediabetes.
The study involved 89 participants with elevated fasting blood sugar levels, overweight or obese, and aged between 35 and 75. Participants were randomly assigned to either receive sulforaphane or a placebo for 12 weeks. The results showed that those who took the sulforaphane compound experienced a more significant reduction in fasting blood sugar levels compared to those who received the placebo, with specific subgroups showing even more pronounced effects.
Lead researcher Anders Rosengren, PhD, explained that sulforaphane, a compound abundant in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, can help reduce blood glucose levels in individuals with prediabetes. Specifically, sulforaphane targets increased glucose production from the liver, thereby lowering fasting blood glucose levels. The study also revealed that individuals with mild obesity and well-maintained insulin secretion experienced even greater benefits from sulforaphane. Furthermore, individuals with a specific gut microbe that converts inactive sulforaphane into its active form showed increased effectiveness.
Overall, this research suggests the potential for precision treatment of prediabetes based on individual characteristics to optimize therapeutic outcomes.
A specific type of gut bacteria may enhance the effectiveness of sulforaphane in lowering blood sugar levels, as uncovered in the third part of the study. Those who consumed sulforaphane had, on average, fasting blood sugar levels 0.2 millimoles per litre lower than those who took a placebo. In a subgroup with mild obesity, low insulin resistance, and reduced insulin secretion, the reduction was more significant at 0.4 millimoles per litre. The most substantial decrease of 0.7 millimoles per litre was observed in individuals from the same subgroup who also had a specific gut bacterium.
Anders Rosengren, PhD, highlighted the importance of lifestyle modifications in managing prediabetes, a condition that affects 5-10% of adults. He emphasized the need for complementary treatments like sulforaphane, which can be obtained through broccoli sprout extracts due to the challenge of consuming enough pure broccoli for the desired effect. Haley Bishoff, RDN, LD, a plant-based dietitian, noted the beneficial properties of sulforaphane and the significance of a healthy gut microbiome for optimal response to diabetic medications.
Bishoff stressed the preventive aspect of managing prediabetes and the role of a healthy gut microbiome in improving blood sugar control. She recommended consuming prebiotic fiber, fermented foods, and unprocessed foods to maintain a healthy gut. Courtney Pelitera, MS, RD, CNSC, another dietitian specializing in sports nutrition, acknowledged the study’s findings regarding the relationship between gut health and blood glucose levels.
Achieving optimal blood glucose control is crucial for managing prediabetes. Individuals with a healthier gut microbiome are more likely to experience improved fasting glucose levels when using broccoli sprout extract, according to the findings. “This research may have significant implications as we further investigate which specific individuals can benefit most from incorporating broccoli sprout extract into their prediabetes treatment plan,” highlighted Courtney Pelitera. In her professional practice, Pelitera would leverage this insight to advise patients on the importance of nurturing a diverse gut microbiome. This can be achieved by consuming a wide range of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains rich in soluble and insoluble fiber and prebiotics, all of which contribute to microbiome health. Additionally, integrating fermented foods like yogurt, kombucha, kimchi, pickled items, and cheeses into one’s diet introduces essential probiotics that support overall gut health. Pelitera’s recommendation is to prioritize the consumption of these foods before considering broccoli sprout extract supplementation as part of a daily routine.
