The discovery that the virus underwent mutations within the infected individual raises concerns about the potential for human-to-human transmission, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
In a statement, the CDC expressed sorrow over Louisiana’s announcement of the passing of a patient who had been previously hospitalized with severe avian influenza A(H5N1) illness, commonly known as “H5N1 bird flu.” This marks the first reported death in the United States due to an H5 infection. Globally, the World Health Organization has recorded over 950 cases of H5N1 bird flu, with approximately half of those cases resulting in fatalities.
The CDC conducted an analysis on samples of the H5N1 virus obtained from the patient. By comparing the genomic sequences to those of infected dairy cows, wild birds, poultry, and other animals, the agency was able to identify low-frequency mutations in the hemagglutinin gene of a sample taken from the patient. These mutations were absent in virus sequences from poultry samples collected at the patient’s location, indicating that the changes likely emerged within the patient post-infection.
Although these low-frequency mutations are uncommon in humans, they have been documented in previous instances of A(H5N1) in other countries, particularly in cases of severe illness. Health officials caution that individuals who have contact with birds, poultry, or cows face an elevated risk of contracting the virus.
Based on the findings of genetic alterations in the virus, health authorities recommend continued genomic surveillance in both humans and animals. They advocate for measures to control outbreaks of bird flu among dairy cattle and poultry, as well as precautions to prevent transmission in situations where individuals may be exposed to infected animals or environments.
Both the CDC and the Louisiana Department of Health emphasize that the general risk to the public remains low. Nevertheless, officials advise vigilance for those in proximity to birds, poultry, or cows due to the increased risk of contracting the virus.
As of the most recent update, there have been 66 confirmed human cases of bird flu, including the case in Louisiana, according to the CDC. Among these cases, 37 were reported in California, 11 in Washington, and 10 in Colorado. Approximately 40 of the cases were linked to exposure to cattle herds.
Avian influenza is a highly contagious virus that can be transmitted through contact with infected animals, equipment, and the clothing and footwear of caregivers, as outlined by the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development.
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